Dr Lokesh A V, Consultant – Orthopaedics, Joint Replacement and Robotic Surgery, Manipal Hospital Old Airport Road, Bengaluru, provided an in-depth insight into the multifaceted nature of osteoporosis and its far-reaching implications beyond the skeletal system.
Osteoporosis: Beyond the bones
Osteoporosis, often referred to as the "silent disease," is widely recognised for increasing bone fragility and the likelihood of fractures. However, its impact extends far beyond weakened bones, affecting various aspects of daily life.
The most common fracture sites are the hips, wrists, and spine. Hip fractures often require surgical intervention and lengthy rehabilitation, which can result in a loss of mobility and independence. Spinal fractures may lead to kyphosis (a curvature of the spine), altering posture, compromising lung function, and causing persistent pain.
Beyond physical limitations, osteoporosis is associated with significant psychological challenges. Many patients experience anxiety about falls, diminished self-esteem, and depression due to reduced independence.
How to maintain bone health
Balanced diet: Consume calcium-rich foods such as dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified items. Include sources of vitamin D, such as fatty fish, eggs, and adequate sunlight exposure.
Regular exercise: Engage in weight-bearing and resistance exercises, such as walking, jogging, and strength training, to stimulate bone growth and improve musculoskeletal health.
Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption: Smoking and excessive alcohol intake can negatively affect bone health and increase fracture risk.
Bone health monitoring: Bone density tests (DEXA scans) are essential for at-risk individuals, enabling early detection and intervention.
Medication adherence: Consistently take prescribed medications to slow bone loss and enhance bone density.
Warning signs to watch for
Osteoporosis progresses silently, often showing no symptoms in its early stages, making detection challenging. Common warning signs include:
· Persistent back pain
· Height reduction
· Increased susceptibility to fractures
These signs require prompt assessment by an orthopaedic specialist.
Risk factors for osteoporosis
· Key risk factors include:
· Advancing age
· Postmenopausal status
· Genetic predisposition
· Low body mass index
· Long-term corticosteroid use
Individuals with these risk factors should take extra precautions to prevent the onset of osteoporosis.
Preventing osteoporosis-related complications
Fall prevention: Create a safe living environment by using non-slip mats, improving lighting, and installing handrails where necessary.
Posture and mobility: Incorporate activities that enhance posture and balance, reducing the risk of falls and spinal fractures.
Activity selection: Choose low-impact exercises to remain active while minimising fracture risk.
Expert’s advice
Osteoporosis is not merely a bone disorder; it is a complex condition that significantly affects an individual’s quality of life. By adopting preventive strategies, recognising early warning signs, and implementing appropriate precautions, we can safeguard bone health, promote overall well-being, and slow the progression of the disease.